Last Updated August 14, 2007

 

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Ballgames Banned!

 

A Chronology of Prohibitions

 

[Note: this list was compiled from version 0.8 of the Protoball Working Chronology, which comprised about 625 entries, in August 2007.  (Search terms: ban, prohibit, unlawful, forbid.) Additional relevant items may have been added to later versions.  Readers are encouraged to suggest or perform updates.  Send notes about omissions, mistakes, typos, etc, to Lmccray@mit.edu.]

 

 

 

1165 -- Ball Rites Observed in France in 1100s and 1200s

Henderson:  “The testimony of Beleth and Durandus, both eminently qualified witnesses, clearly indicates that in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the ball had found a place for itself in the Easter celebrations of the Church.”  In fact, Beleth and Durandus had both opposed the practice, seeing it as the intrusion of pagan rites into church rites.  “There are some Churches in which it is customary for the Bishops and Archbishops to play in the monasteries with those under them, even to stoop to the game of ball” [Beleth, 1165].  “In certain places in our country, prelates play games with their own clerics on Easter in the cloisters, or in the Episcopal Palaces, even so far as to descend to the game of ball”  [Durandus, 1286].

Note: This source appears to be Henderson, Robert W., Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], p. 37-38.  Page 37 refers to an 1165 prohibition and page 38 mentions 12th and 13th Century Easter rites.  Henderson identifies two sources for the page 38 statement:  Beleth, J., “Rationale Divinorum Officiorum,” in Migne, J. P., Patrologiae Curius Completus, Ser 2, Vol. 106, pp. 575-591 [Paris, 1855], and Durandus, G., “Rationale Divinorum Officiorum,” Book VI, Ch 86, Sect. 9 [Rome, 1473]...Henderson does not say that these rites involved the use of sticks. ||5||

 

1300s.2 – Edward III Prohibits Playing of Club-Ball.

 “Citizens so club-ball conscious Edward III issued a solemn proclamation forbidding playing club-ball.” Edward III lived from 1327 to 1377.

Seymour, Harold – Notes in the Seymour Collection at Cornell University, Kroch Library Department of Rare and Manuscript Collections, collection 4809.  Note:  David Block argues that, contrary to Strutt’s contention [see 1801.1, below], club ball may not be the common ancestor of cricket and other ballgames.  See David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, pages 105-107 and 183-184.

 

1330.1 – Vicar of Winkfield Advises Against Bat/Ball Games in Churchyards; First Stoolball Reference?

“Stoolball was played in England as early as 1330, when William Pagula, Vicar of Winkfield, near Windsor, wrote in Latin a poem of instructions to parish priests, advising them to forbid the playing of all games of ball in churchyards: “Bats and bares and suche play/Out of chyrche-yorde put away.”

Henderson, Robert W., Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], p. 74.  Note: The Vicar’s caution was translated in 1450 by a Canon, John Myrc.  Henderson’s ref 120 is Mirk [sic], J., “Instructions to Parish Priests,” Early English Text Society, Old Series 31, p. 11 [London, 1868].  A contemporary of Myrc in 1450 evidently identified the Vicar’s targets as including stoolball.  Block [p. 165] identifies the original author as William de Pagula.

 

1365.1 -- Englishmen Forbidden to Play Ball; Archery Much Preferred

“In 1365 the sheriffs had to forbid able-bodied men playing ball games as, instead, they were to practice archery on Sundays and holidays.”

Hassall, W. O., [compiler], “How They Lived: An Anthology of Original Accounts Written Before 1485” [Blackwell, Oxford University Press, 1962], page 285.  Submitted by John Thorn, 10/12/2004.

 

1656.1 – Dutch Prohibit “Playing Ball,” on Sundays in New Netherlands.

Channing, Edward, A History of the United States [New York, 1905], volume 1, p. 536.  Per Rhea, note #26, p. 394.  Note: we need to cross-check the language against the recent James Zug citation; it may be a different source.  Dean Sullivan, 7/24/2004, provides an additional citation: Ester Singleton, Dutch New York (1909), page 290.  It would be useful to ascertain, with a knowledgeable source what Dutch phrase was translated as “playing ball,” and whether the phrase denotes a certain type of ballplay.  The population of Manhattan at this time was about 800, and the area was largely a fur trading post.

 

1659.1 -- Stuyvesant: No Tennis, Ball-Playing, Dice on Fast Day

“We shall interdict and forbid, during divine service on the [fasting] day aforesaid, all exercise and games of tennis, ball-playing, hunting, plowing and sowing, and moreover all unlawful practice such as dice, drunkenness . . .” proclaimed Peter Stuyvesant.

Manchester, Herbert, Four Centuries of Sport in America [Publisher?, 1931].  Note: Can we determine what area was affected by this proclamation?

 

1771.2 – Province of New Hampshire Prohibits Christmas “Playing With Balls” in the Streets

“[M]any disorders are occasioned within the town of Portsmouth . . . by boys and fellows playing with balls in the public street: . . . [when] there is danger of breaking the windows of any building, public or private, [they] may be ordered to remove to any place where there shall be no such danger.”

“An Act to prevent and punish Disorders usually committed on the twenty-fifth Day of December . . . , “ 23 December 1771, New Hampshire (Colony) Temporary Laws, 1773 [Portsmouth, NH], p. 53.  Per Altherr ref # 25.

 

1780.3 – Dartmouth College Bans Ball-playing Near Windows

Dartmouth College Laws and Regulations, 1780, Dartmouth College Library, Special Collection MS 782415.  Per Altherr ref # 40.

 

1784.1 – UPenn Bans Ball Playing Near Open University Windows

RULES for the Good Government and Discipline of the SCHOOL in the UNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIA [Francis Bailey, Philadelphia, 1784]. Per Altherr ref # 41.

 

1787.1 – Ballplaying Prohibited at Princeton

“It appearing that a play at present much practiced by the smaller boys . . . with balls and sticks,” the faculty of Princeton University prohibits such play on account of its being dangerous as well as “low and unbecoming gentlemen students.” ||15||

Quoted without apparent reference in Henderson, pp. 136-7.  Also found in Gerald S. Couzens, A Baseball Album [Lippincott and Crowell, NY, 1980], page 15.  Per Guschov, page 153.  Dean Sullivan, on 7/29/2005, cites Warnum L. Collins, “Princeton,” page 208, per Harold Seymour’s dissertation.  Note: According to Seymour’s research note, the author [Collins] seems to have believed that the proscribed game was shinny.

 

1791.1 – “Bafeball” Among Games Banned in Pittsfield MA – also Cricket, Wicket

In Pittsfield, Massachusetts, to promote the safety of the exterior of the newly built meeting house, particularly the windows, a by-law is enacted to bar “any game of wicket, cricket, baseball, batball, football, cats, fives, or any other game played with ball,” within eighty yards of the structure. However, the letter of the law did not exclude the city’s lovers of muscular sport from the tempting lawn of “Meeting-House Common.” This is the first indigenous instance of the game of baseball being referred to by that name on the North American continent. It is spelled herein as bafeball.  “Pittsfield is baseball’s Garden of Eden,” said Mayor James Ruberto.

Per John Thorn:  The History of Pittsfield (Berkshire County), Massachusetts, From the Year 1734 to the Year 1800. Compiled and Written, Under the General Direction of a Committee, by J. E. A. Smith. By Authority of the Town. [Lea and Shepard, 149 Washington Street, Boston, 1869], 446-447.  The actual documents themselves repose in the Berkshire Athenaeum. ||16||

1795.1 – Portsmouth NH Bans Cricket and Other Ball Games

By-Laws of the Town of Portsmouth, Passed at their Annual Meeting Held March 25, 1795 [John Melcher, Portsmouth], pp. 5 – 6.  Per Altherr ref # 66.

 

1797.2 – Newburyport MA Bans Cricket and Other Ball Games

Bye-Laws of Newburyport: Passed by the Town at Regular Meetings, and Approved by the Court of General Justice of the Peace for the County of Essex, Agreeably to a Law of this Commonwealth [Newburyport, 1797], p. 1.  Per Altherr ref # 68. 

 

1797.3 – Fayetteville NC Bans Sunday Ballplaying by African-Americans

Gilbert, Tom, Baseball and the Color Line, [Franklin Watts, NY, 1995], p.38.  Per Millen, note # 15.

 

1805.1 – Williams College Bans Dangerous Ball-playing

The Laws of Williams College [H. Willard, Stockbridge, 1805], p. 40.  Per Altherr ref # 42.

 

1805.2 – Portland ME Bans “Playing at Bat and Ball in the Streets”

The By Laws of the Town of Portland, in the County of Cumberland, 2nd Edition [John McKown, Portland, 1805], p. 15. Per Altherr note #69.

 

1813.1 -- Newburyport MA Reminder -- “Playing Ball in the Streets” is Unlawful

“Parents and Guardians are also requested to forbid, those under their care, playing Ball in the streets of the town; as by this unlawful practice much inconvenience and injury is sustained.”  Newburyport [MA] Herald, May 4, 1813, Volume 17, Issue 10, page 1 [classified advertisement]. Submitted by John Thorn 1/24/07.

1816.1 – Cooperstown NY Bans Downtown Ballplaying Near Future Site of HOF

On June 6, 1816, trustees of the Village of Cooperstown, New York enact an ordinance: “That no person shall play at Ball in Second or West Street (now Pioneer and Main Streets), in this village, under a penalty of one dollar, for each and every offence.”

Otsego Herald, number 1107, June 6, 1816, p. 3.  The Herald carried the same notice on June 13, page 3.  Note:  the intersection cited is a half block from the HOF, right? ||24||

 

1816.2 – Worcester MA Ordinance Bans “Frequent and Dangerous” Ball Playing and Hoops”

“Ball-playing” in the streets of Worcester, Massachusetts is forbidden by ordinance.

Worcester, MA Town Records, May 6, 1816; reprinted in Franklin P. Rice, ed., Worcester Town Records, 1801 – 1816, volume X [Worcester Society of Antiquity, 1891], p. 337. Also appears in Henderson, p. 150 [No ref given], and Holliman, per Guschov. ||25||

1820s.10 – Philadelphians Play Ball, But in Camden

A group of Philadelphians who will eventually organize as the Olympic Ball Club begin playing town ball in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but are prohibited from doing so within the city limits by ordinances dating to Puritan times. A site in Camden, New Jersey is used to avoid breaking the laws in Philadelphia. ||34|| Note: this item needs to be confirmed or dropped

 

1821.3 -- Schenectady NY Bans “Playing of Ball Against the Building”

The Schenectady City Council banned “playing of Ball against the Building or in the area fronting the Building called City Hall and belonging to this corporation . . . under penalty of Fifty cents for each and every offence . .  . .” XXX Note: citation needed.  Submitted by David Pietrusza via John Thorn, 3/6/2005.

 

1823.5 -- Providence RI Bans “Playing Ball” in the Streets

“The Town of Providence have passed a law against playing ball in any of their public streets; the fine is $2.  Why is not the law enforced in this Town?  Newport Mercury, April 26, 1823, Vol. 62, Issued 3185, page 2.  Submitted by John thorn 1/24/2007.

 

 

1839.2 – NYC Ordinances Permit No Ballplaying, “Or Any Other Sport Whatsoever.”

On May 8, the New York City By-laws and Ordinances prohibit ball playing: “No person shall play at ball, quoits, or any other sport or play whatsoever, in any public place in the City of New York, nor throw stones nor run foot races in or over or upon the same, under the penalty of five dollars for each offence.”

Source is By-Laws and Ordinances of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonality of the City of New York. Revised 1838-1839 [William B. Townsend, New York, 1839], page 215. ||45||

 

1845.12 -- Cleveland OH Bans “Any Game of Ball”

“[I]t shall be unlawful for any person or persons to play at any game of Ball . . . whereby the grass or grounds of any Public place or square shall be defaced or injured.”  [Fine is $5 plus costs of prosecution.]

Cleveland City Council Archives, 1845.   March 4, 1845

 

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